ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penis, in which there is incomplete development of the distal urethra. There are numerous reports showing an increase of prevalence of hypospadias. Association of craniofacial malformations in patients diagnosed with hypospadias is rare. The aim of this study is to describe the association between hypospadias and craniofacial congenital anomalies. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of the Latin-American collaborative study of congenital malformations (ECLAMC) data was performed between January 1982 and December 2011. We included children diagnosed with associated hypospadias and among them we selected those that were associated with any craniofacial congenital anomaly. Results: Global prevalence was 11.3 per 10.000 newborns. In this population a total of 809 patients with 1117 associated anomalies were identified. On average there were 1.7 anomalies per patient. Facial anomalies were present in 13.2%. The most commonly major facial anomaly associated to hypospadias was cleft lip/palate with 52 cases. We identified that 18% have an association with other anomalies, and found an association between craniofacial anomalies and hypospadias in 0.59 cases/10.000 newborns. Discussion: Hypospadias is the most common congenital anomaly affecting the genitals. Its association with other anomalies is rare. It has been reported that other malformations occur in 29.3% of the cases with hypospadias. The more proximal the meatus, the higher the risk for having another associated anomaly. Conclusion: Associated hypospadias are rare, and it is important to identify the concurrent occurrence of craniofacial anomalies to better treat patients that might need a multidisciplinary approach.

Preparing the medical sciences students for the defense has particular importance to give them knowledge and abilities that guarantee their performance and responsibilities in the sphere of the defense in their professional field and as citizens. The objective of this paper is to characterize the society-university link through the program of the discipline Defense Preparation taking into account pertinence, quality and internalization. This program responds to the pedagogical model based on the possibilities of the educative system in the context of universalization in the medicine education taking advantage of the infrastructure created in the country and the different subjects that are taught.

La preparación para la defensa en los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas reviste particular importancia al dotarlos de conocimientos y habilidades que garanticen el desempeño de sus responsabilidades en la esfera de la defensa, en el campo de su profesión y como ciudadanos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el vínculo sociedad-universidad a través del programa de la disciplina Preparación para la Defensa, teniendo en cuenta los aspectos pertinencia, calidad e internacionalización. Este programa responde al modelo pedagógico basado en las posibilidades del sistema educativo en el contexto de la universalización de la educación médica mediante el aprovechamiento de la infraestructura creada en el país y las diferentes asignaturas que imparte.

In this work, characteristics of the different psychopedagogical conceptions of teaching whereby has traveled the elaboration and utilization of educational software in Superior Medical Education are briefly exposed, besides also refers to the different types of educational software designed according to the psychopedagogical theory utilized. It is concluded that its knowledge aid to devise educational software guided to the needs of the current Superior Medical Education that entirely answer to Marxist-Leninist Martífidelist conception, in which Cuban education is supported.

En este trabajo se exponen brevemente las características de las diferentes concepciones psicopedagógicas de la enseñanza por las que ha transitado la elaboración y utilización del software educativo en la Educación Médica Superior, además se hace referencia a los diferentes tipos de software educativos diseñados acorde con la teoría psicopedagógica utilizada. Se concluye que su conocimiento ayuda a elaborar software educativos dirigido a las necesidades de la Educación médica Superior actual que respondan por entero a la concepción Marxista-leninista, martianafidelista en la que se sustenta la educación cubana.

In this paper research didactic basic principles concerning to its objectives, contents, methods, forms, means, evaluation and climate are exposed briefly, in which the teaching process develops with the utilization of the educational software in Higher Medical Education, besides it is refers to the different types of educational software designed in agreement with the levels of knowledge to reach by the students. It is concluded that their knowledge help to utilize the educational software in class, guided to the needs of the university education and that respond to the different existing pedagogical models in the current Higher Medical Education

En este trabajo se exponen brevemente los fundamentos didácticos en lo concerniente a sus objetivos, contenidos, métodos, formas, medios, evaluación y clima en que se desarrolla el proceso de enseñanza con la utilización de los software educativos en la Educación Médica Superior, además se hace referencia a los diferentes tipos de software educativos diseñados acorde con los niveles de conocimientos a alcanzar por los estudiantes. Se concluye que su conocimiento ayuda a utilizar el software educativo en la clase, dirigido a las necesidades de la enseñanza universitaria y que respondan a los diferentes modelos pedagógicos existentes en la Educación Médica Superior actual